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6 processes of open-pit mining from drilling, blasting to dumping _ operation

Original Title 6 Processes of Open-pit Mining from Perforation Blasting to Dumping The mining technology of open-pit mine is relatively simple mainly including drilling blasting mining loading and transportation and rock rock drilling tools dumping Next we will talk about the mining technology of open-pit mines in detail I Perforation work Perforation is the first working procedure of open pit mining In the whole process of open pit mining the غير مجاز مي باشدt of perforation accounts for about 10%-15% of the total production غير مجاز مي باشدt 1 Down-the-hole drill The down-the-hole drilling machine has the advantages of large drilling angle change range high mechanization degree reduction of auxiliary operation time improvement of the operation rate of the drilling machine flexibility of the down-the-hole drilling machine light equipment weight and low investment غير مجاز مي باشدt and particularly can control the ore grade by drilling various inclined holes eliminate toes reduce large blocks and improve the blasting quality Therefore the down-the-hole drill is widely used in small and medium-sized mines at home and abroad which is suitable for medium hard rock drilling 2 Rotary drill Rotary drilling rig is a new type of drilling equipment developed on the basis of rotary drilling rig which has the characteristics of high drilling efficiency low operation غير مجاز مي باشدt high degree of mechanization and automation and is suitable for drilling operations of various hardness of ore and rock At present it has become a common drilling equipment used in open-pit mines all over the world 3 Rock drilling jumbo Drill jumbo is a new type of drilling equipment with the development of mining industry One or a plurality of rock drills are arranged on a special drill boom or a rack together with an automatic propeller and a traveling mechanism is arranged so that the operation of the rock drill is mechanized II Blasting work The purpose of blasting work is to break the hard solid ore rock and provide the excavation material with appropriate size for mining and loading work In the total غير مجاز مي باشدt of open-pit mining blasting غير مجاز مي باشدt accounts for about 15% -20% The quality of blasting not only directly affects the efficiency of mining transportation coarse crushing and other equipment but also affects the total غير مجاز مي باشدt of the mine 1 Shallow hole blasting Expand the full text The diameter of the hole used in shallow hole blasting is small generally about 30-75 mm and the depth of the hole is generally less than 5 meters sometimes up to about 8 meters If the drilling jumbo is used for drilling the depth of the hole can be increased Shallow-hole blasting is mainly used for the excavation of open-pit mines or quarries caverns and tunnels with small production scale secondary blasting the treatment of new open-pit mine hills the formation of hillside open-pit single-wall ditch transportation channels and other special blasting 2 Deep-hole blasting Deep-hole blasting is a blasting method that uses drilling equipment to drill deeper boreholes as the charging space of mining explosives The deep-hole blasting of open-pit mine is mainly the production blasting of bench Drilling equipment for deep-hole blasting mainly includes down-the-hole drill and roller drill It can be used to drill vertical deep holes or inclined blast holes The charging of inclined blast holes is more uniform and the blasting quality of ore and rock is better which creates good conditions for mining and loading work In order to reduce the seismic effect and improve the blasting quality such measures as millisecond blasting in large area interval charging in blastholes or bottom air interval charging can be taken under certain conditions so as to reduce the blasting غير مجاز مي باشدt and obtain better economic benefit 3 Chamber blasting Chamber blasting is a blasting method in which more or a large amount of explosives are loaded in the tunnel of the blasting chamber Open-pit mines are used only during the capital construction period and under specific conditions and quarries are used when conditions permit and when the demand for mining is high 4 Multi-row hole millisecond blasting method In recent years with the rapid increase of the excavator bucket capacity and the production capacity of the open-pit mine the normal excavation blasting of the open-pit mine requires more and more blasting quantity each time Therefore large-scale blasting methods such as multi-row-hole millisecond blasting and multi-row-hole millisecond extrusion blasting are widely used in open-pit mining at home and abroad Advantages of multi-row millisecond blasting The one-time blasting quantity is large the blasting times and the blasting avoidance time are reduced and the utilization rate of the stope equipment is improved; The broken quality of ore and rock is improved and the boulder rate is reduced by 40 to 50% compared with that of single-row hole blasting; The efficiency of perforating equipment is increased by about 10% -15% which is due to the increase of working time utilization coefficient and the decrease of the number of operations of perforating equipment and filling area after blasting; Improve the efficiency of mining and transportation equipment by about 10% -15% 5 Multi-row hole differential extrusion blasting method It refers to the multi-row millisecond blasting in the case of residual muckpile in the working face

The existence of muck pile creates conditions for extrusion mining dth bit On the one hand it can prolong the effective action time of blasting and improve the utilization of explosive energy and crushing effect; on the other hand Mining Drilling Equipment it can control the width of muck pile and avoid the scattering of ore and rock The millisecond interval of multi-row hole millisecond extrusion blasting should be 30% ~ 50% longer than that of ordinary millisecond blasting and 50 ~ 100ms is often used in open-pit mines in China The advantages of multi-row hole millisecond extrusion blasting are as follows (1) The ore rock crushing effect is better This is mainly because the front is blocked by the slag heap and each row of boreholes including the first row can increase the charge and be fully crushed under the extrusion of the slag heap; (2) The muckpile is more concentrated For the mine using railway transportation it is not necessary to dismantle the road before blasting so as to improve the efficiency of mining loading and transportation equipment The disadvantages of multi-row hole millisecond extrusion blasting are as follows (1) High explosive consumption; (2) The working platform is required to be wider to accommodate the ballast pile; (3) The blasting pile height is large which may affect the safety of excavator operation III Blasting measures near the slope With the downward extension of the open-pit mine the problem of slope stability has become increasingly prominent In order to protect the slope the blasting near the slope should be strictly controlled According to the experience at home and abroad the main measures are millisecond blasting presplitting blasting and smooth blasting 1 Adopt millisecond blasting to reduce vibration One of the main functions of millisecond blasting is to reduce the seismic effect of blasting In order to give full play to the shock absorption effect of millisecond blasting the key is to try to increase the number of blasting segments and control the millisecond interval 2 Adopt presplitting blasting to isolate the slope The presplitting blasting near the slope is to drill a row of dense parallel boreholes along the slope boundary fill each hole with a small amount of explosives and detonate before the excavation zone is blasted so as to obtain a crack with a certain width and running through each borehole Due to the separation of the excavation zone from the slope by the pre-fracture the seismic wave of the subsequent excavation blasting will produce a strong reflection on the fracture surface which will greatly reduce the seismic wave passing through it thus protecting the slope 3 Adopt smooth blasting to protect the slope Smooth blasting near the slope is to drill a row of dense parallel boreholes along the boundary line fill a small amount of explosives in the holes and then blast after the excavation of boreholes so as to form parallel rock walls along the dense boreholes The difference between smooth blasting and presplitting blasting lies mainly in the initiation time The initiation of smooth holes is later than the previous rows of excavation holes usually 50 to 75 ms later In addition another measure is to control the blasting of the last few rows of boreholes The explosive quantity and resistance line of the last rows of boreholes near the slope should be reduced which is called "buffer blasting" which can reduce the damage of drilling blasting to the slope IV Purchase loading and transportation Acquisition and loading Mining and loading operation is to use loading machinery to excavate ore rock directly from the ground or blasting pile and load it into the carriage of transport machinery or unload it directly to the designated place It is the central link in the process of open-pit mining and other production processes such as drilling and blasting transportation and so on serve for mining and loading Main mining and loading equipment excavator dragline hydraulic shovel and rubber-tyred front loader Transportation In the process of open-pit mining the capital construction investment of mine transportation accounts for about 60% of the total investment of mine capital construction and the transportation غير مجاز مي باشدt and labor volume account for more than half of the total ore غير مجاز مي باشدt and labor volume respectively which shows the important position of transportation in open-pit mining Transportation modes of open-pit mine automobile transportation railway transportation belt transportation slope skip lifting transportation and combined transportation among which dump truck transportation is the most common Mining and transportation are inseparable and they influence and restrict each other At present the development trend of mining and transportation technology is mainly reflected in the large-scale mining and transportation equipment the integration and continuity of mining and transportation links and computer automation 5 Rock discharge Rock dumping is the operation of the transport terminal which transports the stripped topsoil and waste rock to the waste rock yard for disposal Rock dumping process rock dumping by railway transportation road transportation and belt transportation 6 Dump Waste dump (waste rock dump) a place where stripped materials are piled up which refers to the place where mining wastes are discharged in a centralized manner According to the stacking sequence the dump can be divided into single-bench dump covering multi-bench dump and slope-pressing multi-bench dump The dump is mainly divided into road transport dump railway transport dump belt transport dump and hydraulic transport dump according to the dumping process Return to Sohu to see more Review of past issues Responsible Editor wt-dthtools.com

Drill bit specifications are complete, and they are too complete. _ Path

Original title The specifications mining dth bit of the drill bit are complete and the arrangement is too complete Drill is a tool used to drill through holes or blind holes in solid materials and to ream existing holes The commonly used drill bits are twist drill flat drill center drill deep hole drill and trepanning drill It is customary to classify reamers and counterbores as drill bits although they cannot make holes in solid material The specifications of various drill bits are shown in the table below Drill size 180 degrees Specification Small diameter Large diameter Full length Small diameter Blade Long handle diameter M33465651365 M4458075188 M55595852295 M666110902511 M8901401002812 M101101751103012 M121402001153212 1/4685110902511 5/168551401002812 3/81011501103012 1/21352001153212 Drill size 90 degree Specification Small diameter Large diameter Full length Small diameter Blade Long handle diameter M33464653564 M44584754284 M5551048550104 M6661259053120 M89016510053120 Drill size 180 degrees Specification Small diameter Large diameter Full length Small diameter Blade Long handle diameter M33465651365 M4458075188 M55595852295 M666110902511 M8901401002812 M101101751103012 M121402001153212 1/4685110902511 5/168551401002812 3/81011501103012 1/21352001153212 Drill size 90 degree Specification Small diameter Large diameter Full length Small diameter Blade Long handle diameter M33464653564 M44584754284 M5551048550104 M6661259053120 M89016510053120 Bit outer diameter bit length bit outer diameter bit length φ20mm350mmφ102mm350mm/420mm φ22mm350mmφ108mm350mm/420mm φ24mm350mmφ110mm350mm/420mm φ26mm350mm/420mmφ114mm350mm/420mm φ28mm350mm/420mmφ120mm350mm/420mm φ30mm350mm/420mmφ127mm350mm/420mm φ32mm350mm/420mmφ132mm350mm/420mm φ38mm350mm/420mmφ150mm350mm/420mm φ40mm350mm/420mmφ159mm350mm/420mm φ44mm350mm/420mmφ166mm350mm/420mm φ50mm350mm/420mmφ180mm350mm/420mm φ57mm350mm/420mmφ200mm350mm/420mm φ63mm350mm/420mmφ220mm350mm/420mm φ76mm350mm/420mmφ250mm350mm/420mm φ83mm350mm/420mmφ275mm350mm/420mm φ89mm350mm/420mmφ300mm350mm/420mm Drill size 180 degrees Expand the full text Specification Small diameter Large diameter Full length Small diameter Blade Long handle diameter

M33465651365 M4458075188 M55595852295 M666110902511 M8901401002812 M101101751103012 M121402001153212 1/4685110902511 5/168551401002812 3/81011501103012 1/21352001153212 Drill size 90 degree Specification Small diameter Large diameter Full length Small diameter Blade Long handle diameter M33464653564 M44584754284 M5551048550104 M6661259053120 M89016510053120 Specification table for center bit Blade diameter (d) Blade diameter tolerance Blade length (L2) Shank diameter (D) Overall length (L) 04005-005053031 05005-005063031 06005-005073536 07005-005083536 08005-005094036 09005-005104036 10005-005124036 1240100 12005-005145042 15005-005185042 1850100 1850150 1850200 20008-008245042 246 dhd drill bit 0100 2460150 2460200 25008-008306047 3080100 3080150 3080200 30008-008367757 36100100 36100150 36100200 32008-008387757 40008-0084810069 48100100 48100150 48100200 50012-0126011069 60120100 60120150 60120200 60012-0128016090 80012-012100180100 100012-012120180100 120012-012150220110 High-speed steel hollow drill bit also known as core drill bit or hole opener drill bit classification high-speed steel drill bit hard alloy drill bit tungsten steel drill bit; cutting depth 35MM 50MM 100M; suitable for drilling machine imported magnetic seat drill magnetic drill domestic magnetic seat drill magnet drill magnet drill steel plate drill magnetic drill machine tool bench drill seat drill and so on Diameter specification 12mm to 100mm; the main material of drill bit is high-speed steel Powder metallurgy; Cemented carbide The axis of the drill bit shall be inclined at an angle of 60 ° to the grinding wheel surface This angle is the point angle of the drill If the angle is not correct it will directly affect the size of the point angle of the drill the shape of the main cutting edge and the bevel of the chisel edge This refers to the position relationship between the axial line of the drill bit and the surface of the grinding wheel It is OK to take 60 ° which is generally more accurate Attention shall be paid to the relative horizontal position and angle position of the drill before sharpening The two positions shall be considered as a whole Do not neglect to set the angle for the sake of setting the cutting edge or dth rock bit neglect to set the cutting edge for the sake of setting the angle The greater the ratio of the length to the diameter of the drill bit the greater its tendency to bend The bending force can be reduced by reducing the length-diameter ratio thereby avoiding the breakage of the drill bit and the increase of the hole diameter error Deeper holes require drill sizes with larger length to diameter ratios Usually a hole with a depth of more than three times the diameter is a "deep hole" and the depth of a micro-drill generally exceeds this limit Specification of electric hammer bit 6mm 8mm X 110mm; 8mmx160mm; 8mm10mm12mmx210mm10mm12mm16mm20mmx450mm。 The main body of the hard alloy electric hammer drill is made of high-quality alloy steel and the tool bit is welded with hard alloy Used together with various electric hammers suitable for drilling on hard building materials such as concrete brick etc It is a widely used and highly efficient punching tool in the construction and installation industry Specification of electric hammer bit set 5110mm × 6 Specification of electric hammer bit set 5110mm 6110mm 6160mm 8160mm 10160 mm Round shank and square shank of electric hammer bit 6MM 8MM 10MM 12MM 14MM 16MM-28MM is Through-wall drill length 350 MM 16MM 18MM 20MM 22MM 25MM 28MM Drill bit type A Classification by structure (1) Integral drill bit the drill top the drill body and the drill shank are integrally made of the same material (2) End welding type drill bit the drill top part is welded by carbide Ｂ． Classification by drill (1) Straight shank drill bit the drill bit diameter is less than ψ 130 Below mm straight shanks are used (2) Taper shank drill bit the shank of the drill bit is tapered and generally its taper is Morse taper Ｃ． Classified by use (1) Center drill bit It is generally used to drill the center point before drilling The front conical surface is 60 ° 75 ° 90 ° etc In order to use the tailstock to support the lathe during operation the 60 ° center drill bit should be matched with the lathe tailstock center at 60 ° (2) Twist drill bit It is the most widely used drill bit in industrial manufacturing and we generally use twist drill bit (3) Superhard drill bit The front end of the drill body or all of it is made of superhard alloy tool material which is used for drilling and processing materials (4) Oil hole drill bit The drill body has two small holes through which the cutting agent reaches the cutting edge to take away heat and chips With this drill bit the workpiece is generally rotated while the drill bit is stationary (5) Deep-hole drill bit It was first used for the drilling of gun barrels and stone barrels also known as gun barrel drill bit The deep hole drill is of a straight flute type and a quarter of a strong portion is cut off in a circular tube to produce chip removal at the cutting edge (6) Drill bit reamer In order to meet the needs of mass production the front end is a drill bit and the rear end is a reamer The diameter of the drill bit and the diameter of the reamer are only the margin of reaming There are also drill bits used in combination with screw tapping so they are also called mixed drill bits (7) Taper drill Taper drill can be used when machining the feed inlet of the mold (8) Cylindrical hole drill We call it a countersunk end mill The front end of this kind of drill has a part with a smaller diameter which is called the lead (9) Taper hole drill It is used for drilling taper holes Its front end angle is 90 ° 60 ° etc The chamfering cutter we use is a kind of taper hole drill Source Booz UG Programming Studio Return to Sohu to see more Responsible Editor wt-dthtools.com